Multiple sclerosis (MS) presents unique challenges, but effective treatments are available that can greatly improve quality of life. Disease-modifying therapies may help slow disease progression and minimize the frequency of relapses, offering a more stable long-term outlook. Oral medications add convenience, enabling easier day-to-day management, while infused therapies provide powerful, targeted treatments for more active forms of MS. Consulting a healthcare professional for a tailored treatment approach is essential, as personalized care can optimize outcomes and address individual needs effectively.
MS Medication: What You Need To Know
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are a class of medications that can slow the progression of MS and reduce the frequency and severity of relapses. These therapies work by modulating the immune system and preventing it from attacking the myelin sheath, the protective covering that surrounds nerve fibers.
There are several types of DMTs available, each with its own unique mechanism of action and route of administration. Some DMTs are taken orally, while others are given by injection or infusion. The choice of DMT depends on several factors, including the individual’s disease activity, overall health, and personal preferences.
Oral vs. Infused MS Medications
Oral DMTs are a convenient and effective treatment option for many people with MS. These medications are typically taken once or twice daily and can be self-administered at home. Some of the most common oral DMTs include:
- Ocrevus (ocrelizumab): This medication is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets B cells, a type of white blood cell that plays a role in the immune response. Ocrevus is approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and primary progressive MS (PPMS).
- Mavenclad (cladribine): This medication is an immunosuppressive agent that works by selectively targeting and eliminating lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that is involved in the inflammatory process of MS. Mavenclad is approved for the treatment of RRMS.
Infused DMTs are another effective treatment option for MS. These medications are typically administered intravenously (IV) or subcutaneously (under the skin) by a healthcare professional. Some of the most common infused DMTs include:
- Tysabri (natalizumab): This medication is a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction between immune cells and the blood-brain barrier, preventing them from entering the central nervous system and causing inflammation. Tysabri is approved for the treatment of RRMS.
- Lemtrada (alemtuzumab): This medication is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets and destroys B cells and T cells, two types of white blood cells that play a role in the immune response. Lemtrada is approved for the treatment of RRMS.
Slowing MS Progression
DMTs can effectively slow the progression of MS and reduce the frequency and severity of relapses. By modulating the immune system and preventing it from attacking the myelin sheath, these medications can help to preserve nerve function and improve overall quality of life for people with MS.
The decision of which DMT to use is a complex one that should be made in consultation with a healthcare professional. Factors such as the individual’s disease activity, overall health, and personal preferences should all be considered when choosing a DMT.
Learn More About MS Medication
To understand more about MS medications, including disease-modifying therapies and options tailored to individual needs, consulting a healthcare professional is key for personalized advice. You can also explore resources from the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, which offers comprehensive information on MS treatment options, ongoing research, and support resources for managing symptoms and relapses.