Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS) represents a challenging phase of multiple sclerosis, marked by a steady decline in neurological function. This article delves into the nuances of SPMS, exploring effective treatment options, emerging therapies, and lifestyle strategies that can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life for those affected by this condition.
Understanding Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS)
Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS) is a stage of multiple sclerosis that typically follows the relapsing-remitting phase. It is characterized by a gradual worsening of symptoms over time, without the clear relapses and remissions seen in earlier stages. This progression is due to accumulated nerve damage, which affects the ability of nerves to function properly (source). SPMS can be categorized into active SPMS, where patients continue to experience relapses, and inactive SPMS, where symptoms worsen slowly without relapses (source).
Effective Treatment Options for SPMS
Treatment for SPMS aims to delay disease progression and manage symptoms. Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are a cornerstone of treatment, with several options approved by the FDA specifically for SPMS. These include siponimod, cladribine, mitoxantrone, ofatumumab, and ponesimod. These medications work by slowing disease progression, reducing relapses, and preventing brain and spinal cord damage (source).
Siponimod (Mayzent), approved in 2019, acts on immune cells and may increase infection risk. Regular blood count checks are recommended, and it is not suitable for pregnant individuals. Cladribine (Mavenclad) is taken orally in two cycles over two years and is recommended if other MS medications fail. It carries a black box warning due to cancer risk and developmental issues for a fetus (source).
Mitoxantrone (Novantrone), originally a cancer drug, is now used for SPMS and administered as an infusion every three months. It may reduce disability but increases the risk of congestive heart failure, requiring heart health monitoring. Ofatumumab (Kesimpta) is a monoclonal antibody for active SPMS, self-injected at home, reducing immune B cell activity and potentially lowering nerve damage (source).
Emerging Treatments and Lifestyle Management
Emerging treatments like tolebrutinib, currently in the licensing phase, target macrophages involved in myelin sheath damage. Phase III trials show it significantly slows disability progression in non-relapsing SPMS (source). Symptom-specific treatments, such as methotrexate and corticosteroids, can help manage relapses, while others target specific symptoms like fatigue, depression, pain, and bladder issues (source).
Beyond medication, lifestyle changes such as exercise, physical therapy, and time management can improve mobility, reduce pain, and manage fatigue in SPMS patients. Maintaining a balanced diet, staying active, and avoiding smoking can help manage symptoms. Regular health checks and vaccinations are also important for overall health maintenance (source).
Why You Should Learn More About SPMS Treatment Today
Understanding and managing Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS) is crucial for improving the quality of life for those affected. With a range of treatment options available, including disease-modifying therapies and emerging treatments, individuals with SPMS can find strategies to slow disease progression and manage symptoms effectively. Additionally, lifestyle changes and supportive therapies play a significant role in maintaining independence and enhancing daily living. Staying informed about the latest advancements in SPMS treatment can empower patients and caregivers to make informed decisions and optimize care strategies.